Професионално образование

https://doi.org/10.53656/voc24-5-6-04

2024/5-6, стр. 336 - 345

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: ESSENCE, PREREQUISITES FOR ITS EMERGENCE, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Резюме: Educational systems around the world are challenged to provide effective education for all the children. This has led to increased interest in the idea of inclusive education. More broadly, it is seen as a reform that supports and welcomes diversity among all learners. Behind the idea of inclusion lies something inherent in every person – respect for the personality of the other and sharing a common world. Inclusion, besides being a leading value in the modern democratic society, is also a fundamental term for the social model. In the concept of inclusive education, it is of key importance to note that inclusion in education also means inclusion in society. The present article examines the essence of the inclusive education, its principles and components. It analyzes and systemizes the prerequisites for its emergence, summarizes the concept of inclusion, while at the same time the article highlights some challenges and opportunities in the field of inclusive education.

Ключови думи: educational systems; inclusive education; inclusion; essence

https://doi.org/10.53656/voc24-5-6-04

2024/5-6, стр. 336 - 345

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: ESSENCE, PREREQUISITES FOR ITS EMERGENCE, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Georgi Kostov
Agricultural University – Plovdiv

Abstract. Educational systems around the world are challenged to provide effective education for all the children. This has led to increased interest in the idea of inclusive education. More broadly, it is seen as a reform that supports and welcomes diversity among all learners. Behind the idea of inclusion lies something inherent in every person – respect for the personality of the other and sharing a common world. Inclusion, besides being a leading value in the modern democratic society, is also a fundamental term for the social model. In the concept of inclusive education, it is of key importance to note that inclusion in education also means inclusion in society. The present article examines the essence of the inclusive education, its principles and components. It analyzes and systemizes the prerequisites for its emergence, summarizes the concept of inclusion, while at the same time the article highlights some challenges and opportunities in the field of inclusive education.

Keywords: educational systems; inclusive education; inclusion; essence

Introduction

Progressive humanistic thought has long linked its hopes for the renewal of society through scientific and political enlightenment, which would guarantee the freedom, life and dignity of people. The idea of inclusion is born within the framework of large-scale changes in the understanding of the value, rights and dignity of each person, of the policies, mechanisms and social changes that determine his status and life prosperity. This idea is an opportunity for a new understanding of the challenges of a social, moral and economic nature, aimed at ensuring equality of people in terms of gender, racial, national, ethnic, religious aliation and disabilities of different nature (Ivanova 2015, p. 5).

In this context, the current understanding of the importance of human dignity is built on a series of social theories and documents that place the person at the center of policies to guarantee his freedom and human rights (Ivanova 2015, p. 5). The idea of human rights elevates the people, their overall development as free and responsible citizens of the world, the protection of their lives as the most important value and goal in modern society. The new doctrine of the person also requires a change in the educational system, a serious challenge for which is overcoming inequality and achieving social justice, through which millions of people can be provided with opportunities to expand their choices for realization, to make sense of their own lives, to preserve their dignity, so that they can fully participate in the social, economic and cultural life in their communities.

The education of children with special needs in general education is based on their specifics, type of disability, level and number of children in the classroom. First of all, it should be noted that the students are of the same age, but they are not alike. The characteristics of individual children, their perceptions, their intellect, and their perceptions are different for all children. Therefore, the issue of creating an educational process for inclusive classes with special needs children needs to be solved (Feruza et al. 2020, p. 54). Teachers in an inclusive classroom can build school and family partnerships with a child-centered ability to plan lessons accordingly, learn how child disability affects education, and use methodological approaches to address these major challenges. Success in the learning process can only be achieved if the children with a disability are confident in their own qualities, skills and their bright future.

1. Inclusive education and inclusion as a process. Prerequisites for emergence

Today, social inclusion is a crucial issue in educational policy, as the education system reects the state of society and serves as a crucial tool for its transformation. It is linked to fundamental democratic principles (Fig. 1), which makes inclusion itself a key and continuous process regarding the personal development and social activity of students.

INCLUSIONRESPECT FOR DIFFERENCESEQUALITYGOODWILLPLURALISMFigure 1. Connection of the inclusion with fundamental democratic principles

Globally, the drive to educate all students in inclusive education systems is one of the most significant educational reforms (Gülsün et al. 2023, p. 1; Savolainen et al. 2022). According to Göransson and Nilholm (2014) the definition of the term „inclusion” ranges from accommodating a student with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream classrooms to creating communities that are welcoming to all learners, regardless of their background and learning abilities (Gülsün et al. 2023, p. 1). The beginning of this spectrum is often described as the narrow definition of inclusion, while the other end is aligned with the broad definition of inclusion that emphasizes inclusion as a systematic approach to eliminating obstacles from the participation of all learners (Booth & Ainscow 2002; Gülsün et al. 2023, p. 1).

Inclusion as a form of joint social life is a humanistic idea that has its own history and development in the direction of changing not only the educational system, but also the place of man in society. Therefore, the direction of political and public attitudes towards the implementation of inclusive education should be considered in the broad context of normative documents arming the rights of all children to learn in a common educational environment (Ivanova 2015, p. 7).

The idea of inclusion was implicitly born back in 1948 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: „Everyone has the right to education”. This right remains unrealized for many people for various reasons and leads to their social isolation. To the greatest extent, this injustice affects children in disadvantaged situations, who remain tacitly excluded from education and do not acquire even minimal skills to integrate into a rapidly changing world (Ivanova 2015, p. 7).

In 1995 Clark, Dyson and Milward defined inclusion as „extending the scope of ordinary schools so they can include a greater diversity of children” (Florian 2014, p. 287). The 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child arms the right to education for all children and pays special attention to one of its principles that „all rights are indivisible and interrelated”. This principle gives rise to the question of the education of certain groups of children who are educated in conditions other than mainstream education. This principle gives rise to the question of the education of certain groups of children who are educated in other conditions, quite different from mainstream education. The segregation of these children satisfies their right to education to some extent, but it conicts with their other rights and creates conditions for discrimination and ignoring their interests, limiting their right to a normal life in the family and in the community. The segregation of these children satisfies their right to education to a certain extent, but it conicts with their other rights and creates conditions for ignoring and discriminating against their interests, limiting their right to a normal life not only in the family but also in the community.

When it comes to inclusive education, things are not so different. The goals of inclusive education (Fig. 2) inevitably accompany its multifaceted history. The origins of inclusive education are rooted in special education research that questioned the ecacy of separate special education classes in the 1960s (Florian 2014, p. 286; Osgood 2005). Since then, many definitions of inclusive education have been advanced and many efforts to effect fundamental change to the structures and practices of special education have been undertaken. In the United Kingdom, Mel Ainscow (1991) linked inclusive education to ideas of school improvement arguing for the focus of special education to shift away from differences between learners towards changing school practices.

Graham and Slee (2006) noted that „talk of ‘including” can only be made by those occupying a position of privilege at the centre” (Florian 2014, p. 287; Rouse & Florian 1997). In so doing, they made it clear that by relying on what it sets out to dismantle, renaming special education practices as inclusive education inevitably colludes with rather than challenges the status quo. According to Michailakis

& Reich (2009) the inclusive education is the attempt to educate persons with intellectual disabilities by integrating them as closely as possible into the normal structures of the educational system.

Increasing the presence (access) of all studentsMaximizing student participation in various domains of activityEnhancing the school personnel and students’acceptance of all studentsIncreasing the achievements of all studentsCreating a calm atmosphere for each studentFigure 2. Goals of the inclusive education

Yet, inclusive education is rooted in conceptions of inclusion, the movement of students in specialeducation (particularly those with severe disabilities) from separate and isolated facilities and classrooms into neighborhood schools and general education classrooms. Indeed, systematic searches of the literature consistently suggest research on inclusiveeducation focuses on the inclusion of certain vulnerable groups, particularly studentswith special education needs and disabilities (Artiles et al. 2006, p. 67).

2. Inclusive education – principles and components

Inclusive education rejects the notion of a one-size-fits-all approach to learning. Instead, it emphasizes personalized instruction, accommodations, and support systems tailored to meet the diverse needs of every learner. This may involve modifications to curriculum, teaching strategies, and assessment methods to ensure that all students can actively participate and succeed.1 The inclusive education’s components (Fig. 3) and are the basis of these modifications.

Assessment and evaluationSupport services and resourcesCurriculum and instructionSocial and emotional learning Figure 3. Components of the inclusive education

Undoubtedly, the unified whole of inclusive education and its components requires solid principles (Fig. 4) that serve to help overcome any inequalities.

1) Equity and access

2) Respect and dignity3) Collaboration and partnership4) Differentiation and personalization 5) Universal design for learning Figure 4. Principles of the inclusive educationPRINCIPLES

3. Inclusive education – challenges and opportunities

While inclusive education holds great promise for promoting diversity, equity, and excellence in education, it also presents challenges (Fig. 5) that require careful consideration and proactive solutions.1

Attitudinal barriersResource constraintsProfessional developmentParent and community engagementSystemic barriersFigure 5. Challenges of the inclusive education Figure 5. Challenges of the inclusive education

The attitudinal barriers are interpersonal challenges. Overcoming discrimination, attitudes of prejudice, and bias is essential for fostering an inclusive culture within communities and schools. Limited resources (resource constraints) including funding, personnel, and infrastructure, may pose challenges to implementing inclusive practices effectively.

The issue of professional development has long been at the forefront of pedagogical science and practice. Educators require ongoing support and training to develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for implementing inclusive education successfully. Building partnerships with parents and community stakeholders (parent and community engagement) is essential for promoting inclusive education and addressing the diverse needs of students. Systemic (structural) barriers within educational systems, such as rigid policies, standardized testing, and tracking practices, may hinder efforts to create inclusive learning environments.

Over the years, the inclusive education to all children can offer the following opportunities (Fig. 6).2

All children can participate in their community and have a sense of belonging and better prepared for life.Children have different abilities; thus, they have varying motivations to learn in classes with their classmates.Inclusive education encourages the parents’ involvement in their children’s education and their school’s activities.Promoting a culture of belonging and respect and offer a learning opportunity about acceptance of individual differences.Supporting all students with opportunities in developing friendships that provide growth and role models.Children can work on their individual goals as they collaborate with their classmates.Successful attempts at inclusion can develop the child’s strengths and gifts.Figure 6. Opportunities of the inclusive education

Conclusion

Inclusive education is not just an educational approach; it is a moral imperative and a fundamental human right. By embracing diversity, fostering equity, and empowering every individual, we can create inclusive learning environments where all students have the opportunity to reach their full potential. Through collaboration, innovation, and commitment to social justice, we can build a more inclusive society where differences are celebrated, and every individual is valued and respected.1

Inclusive education is a philosophy with a set of related attitudes and approaches to the education of all children. It is based on the belief that students of all abilities have the right to an education that is meaningful, appropriate and equal to that of their peers. Experts and researchers believe that in an inclusive classroom, every student can be valued, respected and supported, and inclusion requires the concerted effort of the whole school (Damyanov 2019, p. 7). Inclusive education is increasingly accepted as the most effective means of ensuring an equitable and high-quality education for every child, while reducing biased attitudes towards all students (Avramidis & Norwich 2002; Boyle 2007; Boyle & Anderson 2020; Boyle et al. 2023, p. 1).

Inclusive education is an ecient way of giving all children a chance to be in a regular classroom to learn and develop their skills. It is a means to generate learning opportunities for students who have been excluded traditionally from the traditional educational system. Moreover, inclusive education values the unique contributions of pupils from all backgrounds to allow several groups to grow together. Progress is slow because inclusive education requires changes to the school system and at all levels of society.2

NOTES.

1. DOWN TV, 2024. The Essence of Inclusive Education. Retrieved from: https:// downtv.org/en/news/the-essence-of-inclusive-education/.

2. INCLUSIVE SOLUTIONS, 2021. What Are the Opportunities and Challenges of Inclusive Education? Retrieved from: https://inclusive-solutions.com/blog/ what-are-the-opportunities-and-challenges-of-inclusive-education/.

REFERENCES

ARTILES, A. et al., 2006. Learning in inclusive education research: Remediating theory and methods with a transformative agenda. Review of Research in Education, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 65 – 108. ISSN 1935-1038.

BOYLE, C. et al., 2023. Primary and secondary pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education. Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1 – 13. ISSN 2405-8440.

DAMYANOV, K., 2019. Pomoshtnikat na uchitelya v priobshtavashtoto obrazovanie. Sofia: Fabrika za knigi [in Bulgarian]. ISBN 978-619-230077-7.

FERUZA, T. et al., 2020. The Essence of Inclusive Education in Developed Countries. European Journal of Research and Reection in Educational Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 54 – 57. ISSN 2056-5852.

FLORIAN, L., 2014. What counts as evidence of inclusive education? European Journal of Special Needs Education, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 286 – 294. ISSN 1469-591X.

GÜLSÜN, İ. et al., 2023. Exploring the role of teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education, their self-ecacy, and collective ecacy in behaviour management in teacher behaviour. Teaching and Teacher Education, vol. 132, pp. 1 – 12. ISSN 0742-051X.

IVANOVA, G., 2015. PREDIZVIKATELSTVOTO „PRIOBSHTAVASHTO OBRAZOVANIE“. In: G. COKOV & E. SABEVA (Eds.). Predizvikatelstvata na priobshtavashtoto obrazovanie, pp. 5 – 26. Plovdiv: Univ. izd. „Paisii Hilendarski“ [in Bulgarian]. ISBN 978-954423-994-7. Available from: uni-plovdiv.bg.

MICHAILAKIS, D. & WENDELIN, R., 2009. Dilemmas of inclusive education. Alter – European Journal of Disability Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 24 – 44. ISSN 1875-0672.

Georgi Kostov

ORCID iD: 0009-0004-1269-6604

WoS Researcher ID: KIE-6155-2024 Agricultural University 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

E-mail: georgikostov@au-plovdiv.bg

2025 година
Книжка 1-2
2024 година
Книжка 5-6
Книжка 4
Книжка 2-3
ДА НАВЛЕЗЕМ В НАУКАТА С ИГРИ

Д-р Стефан Петров

Книжка 1
2023 година
Книжка 6
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ НА ЕЛЕКТРОННИТЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНИ РЕСУРСИ В ИНTЕРДИСЦИПЛИНАРНИТЕ STEM УРОЦИ

Д-р Емилия Лазарова , Веселина Иванова , Ирина Костадинова , Анета Кинева , Георги Йорданов

Книжка 5
Книжка 4
SCHOOL LEADERSHIP

Dr. Phil Budgell

Книжка 3
ИЗКУСТВЕНИЯТ ИНТЕЛЕКТ В ЗДРАВНИЯ PR

Гергана Дончева Янков

Книжка 2
Книжка 1
NOT SO MUCH AN AXIOMATIC SYSTEM, MORE A TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Phil Budgel , Mitko Kunchev Education Leadership Consultancy – Sheeld (UK) Ruse (Bulgaria)

2022 година
Книжка 6
Книжка 5
CREATIVE REFLECTION

Eng. Janneke Camps

Книжка 4
STEM В КЛАСНАТА СТАЯ

(Ролята на технологиите и играта като част от образователния процес) Ива Григорова

Книжка 3
ПРИЛАГАНЕ НА PERMA МОДЕЛ В ИНОВАТИВЕН STEM ПРЕДМЕТ „КОСМИЧЕСКИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ“

Михаил Бориславов Ненов, Севил Юсуф Иванова, Грета Димитрова Стоянова, Таня Маркова Сребрева

ПАНАИР НА НАУКАТА

Грета Стоянова

Книжка 2
THE CURRICULUM

Phil Budgell

Книжка 1
ТРУДНО ЛИ Е ПОРАСТВАНЕТО В ИСТОРИЯТА

Иво Точевски, д-р Бистра Таракова

2021 година
Книжка 6
Книжка 5
ПРОУЧВАНЕ НАГЛАСИТЕ НА УЧИТЕЛИТЕ ОТ НАЧАЛЕН ЕТАП ОТНОСНО ЗДРАВНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ

Доц. Ивайло Прокопов, доц. Мирена Легурска, гл. ас. Весела Мирчева

Книжка 4
БЪЛГАРСКА АДАПТАЦИЯ НА ВЪПРОСНИКА ЗА ИЗМЕРВАНЕ НА ДИСТРЕС НА ИДЕНТИЧНОСТТА

доц. д-р Ева Папазова , доц. д-р Маргарита Бакрачева

МОТИВАЦИЯ ЧРЕЗ СЪЗДАВАНЕ НА ЧУВСТВО ЗА ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТ

Възможните пътища за успешна реализация Бистра Григорова

Книжка 3
Книжка 2
НАПРЕД КЪМ СЛЕДВАЩАТА МИСИЯ

Милена Маринова-Димитрова

Книжка 1
БИО- И ЕКОПРОДУКТИ

Християна Янкова

2020 година
Книжка 6
БИНАРНИЯТ УРОК РАЗКРИВА ВРЪЗКАТА МЕЖДУ ИСТОРИЯ И ПРАВО

Евдокия Любомирова, Николина Димитрова

Книжка 5
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКА ИЗВАДКА ОТ ПРОВЕДЕНО ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ ПО НАУЧЕН ПРОЕКТ ЗА ПРОЯВИТЕ НА АГРЕСИВНОСТ И ДЕПРЕСИЯ НА СТУДЕНТИ

Анжелина Янева, Елица Стоянова, Марияна Алберт, Бояна Митрева, Валерия Луканова, Таня Гавраилова

Книжка 4
ЗЛАТНОТО СЕЧЕНИЕ НА ЗЛАТНАТА МАСКА

Денис Сираков, Мариета Сиракова, Николай Сираков

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ НА ПРОФИЛЕН ПОДХОД ПРИ НАСОЧВАНЕ НА УЧЕНИЦИ ЗА ВКЛЮЧВАНЕ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНАТА СИСТЕМА

Мария Георгиева, Мая Рогашка, Петя Йорданова, Деница Русева, Емилия Кожухарова, Златомира Михайлова, Петя Георгиева

КАПСУЛА НА ВРЕМЕТО

Йозлем Искренова

УЧИТЕЛЯТ ДНЕС

Надежда Иванова

Книжка 3
ИГРОВИЗАЦИЯТА – УСПЕШЕН МЕТОД ЗА ОБУЧЕНИЕ В ЧАСОВЕТЕ ПО БИОЛОГИЯ И ЗДРАВНО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Мария Веселинска, Атанасия Илиева, Александра Манасиева, Любен Новоселски

ДОБРИ ПРАКТИКИ

Марияна Великова, Пепа Атанасова

STEM УРОЦИТЕ, КОИТО ПРОВЕЖДАМЕ

Мария Велкова, Тодор Добрев

КРЕАТИВНИЯТ УЧИТЕЛ – НАЙ-ЦЕННАТА ИНОВАЦИЯ

Марияна Великова, Станимира Желязкова

Книжка 2
Книжка 1
ПРИКАЗКА ЗА ЕДНО ГОЛЯМО УЧИЛИЩЕ В ЕДНО МАЛКО ГРАДЧЕ

Ана Боргоджийска, Павлина Плачкова

ПОСТИГАНЕ НА БАЗОВА ГРАМОТНОСТ НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ ОТ II КЛАС

Даниела Говедарска, Мария Котова, Ивелина Масалджийска

ГОЛЯМОТО ПРИКЛЮЧЕНИЕ, НАРЕЧЕНО ДИКТОВКА

Ангелина Генчева, Мая Драгоева

КАК УЧИЛИЩЕН ДВОР В ГРАД РАКОВСКИ СТАНА ЛЮБИМО МЯСТО ЗА ИГРИ, УЧЕНЕ И ОТДИХ

Ана Боргоджийска, Янка Арлашка, Ивана Лесова, Ани Димитрова

ДОБРИ ПРАКТИКИ В ПРЕПОДАВАНЕТО

Милена Лесова, Моника Даржалиева-Косова

УЧИЛИЩЕ НА РАДОСТТА

Павлина Плачкова, Кремена Алексиева

ПЪТЯТ НА ЕДНА МЕЧТА

Люба Сергева

2019 година
Книжка 6
Книжка 5
ЦЕРН – ЕДНА СБЪДНАТА МЕЧТА

Свежина Димитрова, Зорница Захариева

ДУАЛНОТО ОБУЧЕНИЕ – МИРАЖ ИЛИ РЕАЛНОСТ, РЕАЛНОСТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВА

Мария Георгиева, Надежда Илиева, Петя Йорданова

ГОРАТА – ОЧАРОВАНИЕТО НА ЖИВОТА

Елена Милчева, Игнат Игнатов, Венетка Илиева, Иринка Христова

БАЛКОНЪТ – МОЯТА ГРАДИНА

Деница Русева, Дарина Кирчева, Емилия Кожухарова, Марина Борисова

ПРОГРАМА „ЕРАЗЪМ+“ – СТИМУЛ ЗА УЧЕНЕ ПРЕЗ ЦЕЛИЯ ЖИВОТ

Даниела Мантарова, Станислава Анастасова

Книжка 4
ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МЕЖДУ ЕКИПИТЕ ЗА ПОДКРЕПА ЗА ЛИЧНОСТНО РАЗВИТИЕ С РОДИТЕЛИ НА УЧЕНИЦИ СЪС СПЕЦИАЛНИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНИ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ

Maрия Стефанова, Пламена Желева, Миглена Стоева Мария Георгиева, Мая Рогашка, Живка Дойчева

КОГАТО УРОКЪТ ЗАПОЧНА…

Ивелина Стамболийска

Книжка 3
СТАТИСТИКА ЧРЕЗ ВЪВЕЖДАНЕ НА ИКТ

Магдалена Каменарова

Книжка 2
Книжка 1
РАЗВИТИЕ НА ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТ ЧРЕЗ СПОРТ

Татяна Янчева, Ина Владова

КАК СЪВРЕМЕННИТЕ РОДИТЕЛИ ОБЩУВАТ С ДЕЦАТА СИ? ПОЗИТИВНИ МЕТОДИ ЗА ВЪЗПИТАНИЕ

Мария Георгиева, Мая Рогашка, Живка Дойчева, Златомира Михайлова

УЧРЕДЯВАНЕ НА КОМИТЕТ „БАБОЛАНДИЯ“

Йоанна Димитрова, Рая Енчева

КУКЕРИ

Йоанна Димитрова, Радина Стоянова

ДЕЦАТА – НАШЕТО БЪДЕЩЕ

Йоанна Димитрова, Мария Кузманова

CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING (CLIL)

Надежда Алексиева

2018 година
Книжка 6
НОВИ ПРАКТИКИ В ОБУЧИТЕЛНИЯ ПРОЦЕС

Генка Георгиева, Маргарита Гиргинова

ЩАДЯЩА ПРОЦЕДУРА ПРИ РАЗПИТ НА ДЕЦА

Фахредин Фаредин Молламехмед

Книжка 5
КОИ СА НАЙ-ЕФЕКТИВНИТЕ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛСКИ МЕТОДИ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО ПРИРОДНИ НАУКИ

(И по-големият броя учебни часове означава ли непременно по-високи резултати – по данни на PISA 2015)

SEO И МЕТОДИ ЗА АНАЛИЗ – ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ПРЕЗ 2018

Ивайло Димитров, Слави Димитров

УСПЕШНИ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИ ПРАКТИКИ В ОБЛАСТТА НА ИНТЕРКУЛТУРНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

(Описание на педагогически практики) Стойна Делчева

Книжка 4
КАДРОВАТА КРИЗА В ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО

Свежина Димитрова, Мария Нестерова, Галина Германова

ПОЛОВИ РАЗЛИЧИЯ И ПОЛОВИ РОЛИ

Владимира Иванова

УЧЕБНА ПРОГРАМА ЗА ОБУЧЕНИЕ ПО ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ИКОНОМИКА

(Допълнителна подготовка – профил „Икономическо развитие“, VІІІ клас)

ДОБРИ ПРАКТИКИ И НОВИ ФОРМИ ЗА ЗАНИМАНИЯ ПО ИНТЕРЕСИ И ИЗЯВА НА ДЕЦАТА И УЧЕНИЦИТЕ

(Организиране и провеждане на литературен конкурс от ученици)

Книжка 3
ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ, СВЪРЗАНИ С КОНСТАНТАТА НА КАПРЕКАР

Петко Казанджиев, Мартин Иванов, Цеца Байчева, Кинка Кирилова-Лупанова

Книжка 2
АНАЛИЗ НА ЕПИЧЕСКА ТВОРБА

Марияна Георгиева

УЧИЛИЩЕ НА РАДОСТТА

Веселина Тонева

ЕКОЛОГИЧНА ЕКСПЕДИЦИЯ „ДА ПАЗИМ ПРИРОДАТА!“

Татяна Болградова Красимира Мишкова

Книжка 1
В ПАМЕТ НА ПРОФ. МАРИАНА ГЕНЧЕВА

Преди една година внезапно ни напусна проф. д-р инж. Мариана Генчева. Редакционната колегия на сп. „Професионално образование“ и колегиите по

ОБУЧЕНИЕТО КАТО ВЪЗМОЖНОСТ

Диана Илиева-Атанасова

КЪМ РОДИТЕЛИТЕ

(Из педагогическите търсения на една майка)

ДЕТСКА ЕКОАКАДЕМИЯ

Диана Димитрова

ЕДИН ОБИКНОВЕН ДЕН В УЧИЛИЩЕ

Диана Димитрова, Светлана Бозова, Кина Невенова

ДРЕВНИ ОБРЕДИ И СЪВРЕМЕННИ ПУБЛИЧНИ ПРАКТИКИ

Диана Димитрова, Мариана Чаушева, Силвия Кейванова

СЪХРАНИ БЪЛГАРСКОТО

Мариана Чаушева

АНЕКДОТИ ОТ УЧИЛИЩНИЯ ЖИВОТ

Педагогически екип

2017 година
Книжка 6
ЩАСТЛИВИ И ЗДРАВИ ЗАЕДНО

Гергана Петрова, Анета Русева

ЕК ПРИЕМА ИНИЦИАТИВА ЗА НАСЪРЧАВАНЕ НА ЧИРАКУВАНЕТО В ЕВРОПА

Генерална дирекция „Заетост, социални въпроси и приобщаване“

Книжка 5
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА ПРОМЕНИТЕ

Диана Димитрова

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИ ЕТЮДИ

Диана Димитрова

ТРУДНО Е ДА БЪДЕШ РАЗЛИЧЕН

Стефанка Пампорова

ЛИДЕР В ИНОВАЦИИТЕ

Гергана Петрова

КОМПЮТЪРНА ГРАФИКА В МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКА ГИМНАЗИЯ

Румен Манолов, Ваня Шипчанова

Книжка 4
ГРАФИЧЕН МЕТОД ЗА РЕШАВАНЕ НА УРАВНЕНИЯ

Информационните технологии – инструментариум за решаване на математически проблеми

Книжка 3
УЧИЛИЩЕН МЕДИАТОР – ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВО И РЕАЛНОСТ

Марина Николова Бисерка Михалева

ТЕМАТА ЗА ПРИЯТЕЛСТВОТО И ОБЩУВАНЕТО

Детелина Георгиева Христова

Книжка 2
СЪЩНОСТ И ПОЛЗИ ОТ CLIL ОБУЧЕНИЕТО

Иванка Пукнева, Людмила Рижук

СТЪПАЛАТА

Митко Кунчев

НЕ САМО С ЛИНИЙКА И ПЕРГЕЛ

Боряна Куюмджиева

Книжка 1
2016 година
Книжка 6
СПОРТ ЗА КРАСОТА И ЗДРАВЕ

Маргарита Врачовска, Мария Маркова

„БРЕЗИЧКА“ ДИША

Иванка Харбалиева

ДА ИГРАЕМ ЗАЕДНО

Маруся Обретенова

ПОСЛАНИЦИ НА ЗДРАВЕТО

Ученически съвет и IX , IX , X клас Консултанти: Валерия Димова и Цецка Вълкова – учители по биология и здравно образование и география и икономика

ЗАЩО МЕДИАЦИЯ?

Татяна Дронзина, Бисерка Михалева

АСТРОПАРТИ

Радка Костадинова

ДА СИ УЧИТЕЛ

Катя Димитрова

Книжка 5
ПЕТ МИНУТИ СТИГАТ ДА СТАНЕШ ЖУРНАЛИСТ

Дарина Стайкова Хаджийска

ИНДИЙСКИ ПРИКАЗКИ

Марияна Хаджийска

ЧИТАЛИЩЕТО КАТО КЛАСНА СТАЯ

Станимира Никова

Книжка 4
Книжка 3
ПРЕДПРИЕМАЧЕСКИ УМЕНИЯ

Албена Вуцова, Емил Митов

КАНИМ ТЕАТЪРА НА УРОК ПО РУСКИ ЕЗИК

Розалина Димитрова, Румяна Тодорова

Книжка 2
КЛАСНА СТАЯ НА БЪДЕЩЕТО

Даниела Самарджиева, Тихомира Нанева

В ПОДКРЕПА НА EPALE В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Валентина Дейкова

ENTER INTERNATIONAL STUDY WEEK IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Daniela Atanasova, Nedyalka Palagacheva

THE SCHOOL IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE

Svetlana Kalapisheva, Nikolina Koinarska

Книжка 1
2015 година
Книжка 6
Книжка 4
Книжка 3
Книжка 2

Книжка 1
2014 година
Книжка 6
ЕЛЕКТРОННО ОБУЧЕНИЕ И КОМПЮТЪРЕН ДИЗАЙН (CAD) НА ПОДВЪРЗИИ

Росен Петков, Елица Личева, Даниела Атанасова

ПРАЗНИК НА СЛОВОТО

Трудни са времената, в които живеем. Увлечени в борбата за насъщния, притиснати от неизвестността и несигурното, утре забравяме за онази, друга- та храна, която е необходима за духа, която храни душата. Децата ни също но- сят своя кръст, лутат се, търсейки път, а ние, възрастните, често не можем да им помогнем . Не искам да влизам в полемиката с философите кое e по-важно

Книжка 5
ACTIVATING METHODS AND SOCRATIC DIALOGUE

Jan-Willem Noom, Ard Sonneveld

Книжка 4
LEARNING TO GIVE POWER TO THE PEOPLE: COMPETENCES FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG PROFESSIONALS*

Jeroen de Vries, Frans van den Goorbergh 1. Public Participation in Planning Projects Public participation in the Netherlands is a crucial issue because the public is becoming more aware of their right to infl uence policies, design, management and maintenance. Furthermore the national and local governments have a policy to stimulate public participation to enhance maintenance and development of urban open space. In the aftermath of the credit crunch local authorities and project developers

ЦЕРН – ЕДНА СБЪДНАТА МЕЧТА

Свежина Димитрова

Книжка 3
Книжка 2
ENVIRONMENT AND INNOVATION

Tonya Georgieva

ENTER IN BULGARIA - DIFFERENT APPROACH AND NEW HORIZON

An interview with Jan-Willem Noom, Vice-President of ENTER

Книжка 1
КАК ДА РАЗБИРАМЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕТО НА ДЕТЕТО ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛНО ПОВЕДЕНИЕ

Звездица Пенева-Ковачева Как да разбираме поведението на дететою Част от ключовите професионални компетенции в педагогическата работа са свързани с умението да разбираме поведението на детето, демонстрирано тук и сега. Разбирането му от страна на педагога означава да си отговорим на въпросите: защо се проявява това поведение, каква е причината за него, как да повлияем на детето така, че ако поведението е нежелано, повече да не се прояви... Въпроси, които си задаваме всеки път, когато сме

ЕФЕКТИВНА НАМЕСА ОТ СТРАНА НА ВЪЗРАСТНИТЕ ПРИ АГРЕСИВНО ПОВЕДЕНИЕ НА ДЕЦАТА

Генадий Матвеев В някои случаи при проява на детска агресия се налага незабавна намеса от страна на възрастните. Този вид намеса цели намаляване или избягване на агресивното поведение в конфликтни и напрегнати ситуации. За по-голям ефект на въздействие срещу агресивното поведение на детето предлагаме ня- колко съвета както към педагозите, така и към родителите. Следващите няколко правила и техники за намеса позволяват при конфликт- на ситуация да се открие позитивен начин за разрешаванет

2013 година
Книжка 6
THE NEW EU PROGRAMME ERASMUS+

Androulla Vassiliou Doris Pack

Книжка 5
ECO BUILDING BECOMES A WINDOW TO KNOWLEDGE

To know not only how to grow a fl ower, but also – where to place it

Книжка 4
Книжка 3
П О К А Н А

На 29 май 2013 г. от 10.00 ч. в БТА ще бъде представен проект BG051РО001-7.0.07 - 0029 „Приложение на ИКТ в образованието –

Книжка 2
Книжка 1
2012 година
Книжка 6
ПРОФЕСИОНАЛНО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

ЕDUСATIONAL JOURNAL 14, 2012

Книжка 5
РЕПУБЛИКА БЪЛГАРИЯ Министър на образованието, младежта и науката Д

УВАЖАЕМИ ГОСПОДИН РЕКТОР, УВАЖАЕМИ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛИ И СТУДЕНТИ, Приемете сърдечните ми поздрави във връзка със знаменателната годишнина – 90 години от създаването на ВТУ „Тодор Каблешков“, първото специализирано висше

Книжка 4
АСПЕКТИ НА ПРОДЪЛЖАВАЩО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НА УЧИТЕЛИ ПО ПРИРОДНИ НАУКИ

(резултати от проучване мнението на учители за интегриране на ин- формационни и комуникационни технологии в обучението)

ПРОФЕСИОНАЛНА ГИМНАЗИЯ ПО СТРОИТЕЛСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРА ГРАД ПАЗАРДЖИК

Професионална гимназия по строителство и архитектура – град Пазар-

Книжка 3
Книжка 2
Книжка 1
РЕЙТИНГИ, ИНДЕКСИ, ПАРИ

Боян Захариев