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2012/5, стр. 748 - 764

GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR SOIL EROSION ASSESSMENT

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Introduction

Land degradation and soil erosion have been studied since the 1940’s, when the first concepts of detachment and transport of soil material were introduced (Ellison, 1944). Various soil erosion models have been developed to monitor and assess the severity of erosion, however the large extent of this process poses a major challenge in acquiring required input data (Jetten et al., 2003). Remote sensing is found to provide solutions for estimating some of the erosion parameters and for outlining already developed erosion features (Alatorre & Beguería, 2009; Jetten et al., 2003; Vrieling, 2006). Most research, however, focused on land cover mapping, identification of bare soil regions, and mapping soil types (Alatorre & Beguería, 2009). Different classification techniques and processing algorithms based on spectral correlation have been implemented in order to overcome some of the limitations (Chabrillat et al., 2002; Shrestha et al., 2005). Yet, the potential of using remotely sensed imagery for soil erosion studies is still not fully explored.

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of existing applications of remotely sensed data in soil erosion studies done in the laboratory and in the field. We provide a detailed review on the methodologies that are applied on remotely sensed imagery to estimate the main parameters used as input for soil erosion models. In addition we look into soil particle tracing techniques to identify gaps, where remotely sensed data can be integrated to widen the scope of currently existing methodologies.

Satellite remote sensing as an input for soil erosion models

Observing soil erodibility over large areas has two requirements. First, there is a clear need of a holistic conceptual framework that describes how factors of erodibility such as physical soil characteristics, vegetation, topography, operate in time-space continuum. Second, the measurement technique should provide high resolution spatio-temporal data to characterize this continuum (Chappell et al., 2005). Research on soil erosion is mainly focused on the use of soil erosion models in order to measure and monitor the event. A major limitation of these models is that they are applied on small scale study area or catchment only (Nigel & Rughooputh, 2010). Methods and models for soil erosion assessment have been reviewed by Jetten et al. (Jetten et al., 2003) and later on Zhou et al. (Zhou et al., 2008). The most widely applied ones include: Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) (Wischmeier & Smith, 1978), its revised version (RUSLE) (Prasannakumar et al., 2012; Renard et al., 1991), the Soil Erosion Model for Mediterranean regions (SEMMED) (de Jong et al., 1999), the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) (Flanagan & Laflen, 1997), Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) (Flanagan & Laflen, 1997) as well as particle tracing techniques (Campbell et al., 1982; Chappell, 1999; Luleva et al., 2011; Sanchez-Cabeza et al., 2007; Syversen et al., 2001; Walling & Quine, 1991). A main limitation of erosion models is the fact that they are applied on small scale for particular study area or catchment (Nigel & Rughooputh, 2010).

An extensive review of satellite-based sensors that have been used in soil erosion studies was provided by Vrieling (2006). A more recent review by Goldshleger et al. (2010) looks into the use of sensors with high spectral resolution for studying three specific degradation processes- soil salinity, soil crusting and post-fire mineral alterations. The authors suggest that there is potential in the use of these data for monitoring soil erosion factors.

Efforts have been put into studying landcover and landuse change (Sobrino & Raissouni, 2000) focusing mainly on vegetation. When it comes to direct assessment of soil composition and degradation, however, the number of studies decreases. By using satellite imagery it is possible to observe only the surface soil characteristics and only when the signal is not masked by the vegetation cover (Vrieling, 2006).

The most commonly used remotely sensed data in soil erosion modeling come from Landsat TM imagery. Availability and low cost of the scenes allow long term monitoring of particular areas. The main benefit of Landsat TM sensor is the multi-temporal aspect (de Jong et al., 1999), although the low spatial and spectral resolution of the scenes present a limitation. Soil erosion parameters estimated from this imagery, including assessments of vegetation cover, outlining of bare ground, calculation of vegetation indices and rarely changes in topography, have been reviewed by Alatorre & Beguería (2009). It is important to note that the information provided by remote sensing is limited to the surface characteristics, although some statistical relationships have established between the surface and depth properties (Vrieling, 2006). Monitoring visible signs of degradation such as sheets, rills or gullys as well as physical deteriorations such as crusting, hardsetting and compaction , total erosion can be estimated over time (Boardman, 2006; Omuto & Shrestha, 2007) . Remote sensing data are used in order to measure soil erosion parameters that trigger their formation (Table 1).

Identification and mapping erosion features is performed by automated or supervised extraction of digital information based on spectral and/or structural pattern recognition (Alatorre & Beguería, 2009). Classifiers based on statistical probability functions are commonly used to allocate ground pixels to a given surface type. Based on the composition of vegetation abundance and the identification of soil degradation features, linear mixture modeling has shown useful to map land degradation (Metternicht & Fermont, 1998).

The models and techniques, used to date, in terms of studying soil related processes, have been mainly static, based on “one place- one time” events. Consequently, to accurately assess and predict soil dynamics, there is a clear need of developing new methods that integrate the spatial extent of the event, the development of the process over time, as well as the factors affecting the soil behavior.

Table 1. Key soil erosion parameters studied with remote sensing

ParametersSensors/PlatformsCited LiteratureVegetation relatedparametersLandsat TM, NOAAAVHRR,Spot HRV, ERS SAR,RADARSATReviewed in Shoshany (2000)- NDVI and LST- Active FiresLandsat TM, HyMap*Radarsat SAR(Asner & Heidebrecht, 2003; deJong et al., 1999; Khawlie et al.,2002; Nicholson & Farrar, 1994;Park et al., 2004; Sharma, 2010;Shrestha et al., 2005; Shrestha etal., 2004)- Land Cover andEcologyAVIRIS*, Landsat TM, SpotHRV, Hyperion*(Asner & Heidebrecht, 2003; deJong et al., 1999; Khawlie et al.,2002)Reviewed in (King et al., 2005)

Hydrological SPOT, Landsat TM, ASTER,

Variables Ikonos, Quickbird

-Surface Soil (Dasgupta et al., 2007;

Moisture Famiglietti et al., 1999; Haubrock -Rainfall and et al., 2008; Kimura, 2007; Zribi cloud cover et al., 2005; Zribi et al., 2003)

Laboratory spectra acquired with ASD spectrometers, NOAA AVHRR- thermal bands, MODIS, SAR

Topography: Slopeand MorphologyASTER, Landsat TM, LiDAR(Betts & DeRose, 1999; de Jonget al., 1999; Evans, 2002; Hessel& Jetten, 2007)Soil Chemistryand PhysicsLaboratory spectra acquired withASD spectrometers(Baumgardner et al., 1985)-ChemicalComposition andCrustingLaboratory spectra acquired withASD spectrometers(Ben-Dor et al., 2003; Ben-Doret al., 2002; Shepherd & Walsh,2002; Udelhoven et al., 2003)- RoughnessSAR, Laboratory spectra ac-quired withASD spectrometers.Suggestions* for using CHRIS,MISR, Proba(Anderson et al., 2006; Croft etal., 2009; Moran et al., 2002)Particle TracersASD Spectrometer*(Luleva et al., 2011)* Limited number of sources

Soil erosion parameters

Vegetation related parameters

Vegetation cover has been widely studied with remote sensing (Shoshany, 2000), due to its distinct signature in the visible and near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The most commondly used imagery is provided by Landsat TM and SPOT HRV, although Limited number of studies has attempted to implement hyperspectral remote sensing from HyMap (Asner & Heidebrecht, 2003; Shrestha et al., 2005). Vrieling (2006) provides an extensive review on the different satellite sensors used for detection of vegetation in soil erosion.

The bulk of research has focused on estimating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) from satellite imagery. These are used as indicators for spatial and temporal changes in soil quality (Julien & Sobrino, 2009; Nicholson & Farrar, 1994; Park et al., 2004). In their study, Troufleau & Søgaard (1998) used LST and NDVI to derive soil surface moisture status while Unganai & Kogan (1998) used standardized difference of NDVI and LST to estimate drought-prone areas in Southern Africa. In addition, Park et al. (2004) used vegetation indices to estimate the impacts of hydrologic properties. They showed that values for NDVI and LST are related to soil runoff potential. Considering that soil is classified in hydrologic soil groups, based on runoff potential and soil physical conditions, it is suggested that physical degradation can influence LST and NDVI (Omuto & Shrestha, 2007; Park et al., 2004).

Topography

Slope steepness and aspect are important controlling factors for development and formation of soil erosion (Hessel & Jetten, 2007). As stated by Smith & Clark (2005), remote sensing provides the most effective way of developing Digital Elevation and Terrain models (DEM, DTM). The main sources of such data have been reported to be ASTER and Landsat TM (Thurmond et al., 2006).

The resolution of the produced DEMs plays a crucial role. LiDAR cloud point data provide means for more accurate building of DEMs, however this usually requires great amount of time, effort and resources (Liu, 2008), limiting their use.

Soil moisture

Soil moisture content is another indicator of soil erosion. Methods applied for determining soil moisture content cannot often be extrapolated spatially due to variation over time. On the soil surface, moisture content influences the process of exchange of heat between land surface and atmosphere (Owe et al., 2001), as part of the environmental water cycle. Research focuses on potential use of infrared spectra for estimating surface soil moisture. It is known to affect spectrum shape in the visible, near infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range (350 nm and 2500 nm) (Doerr et al., 2000; Haubrock et al., 2008), where increasing moisture content leads to decreasing reflectance (Baumgardner et al., 1985; Lobell & Asner, 2002; Weidong et al., 2002). Estimations from optical measurements in the VNIR and SWIR are considered increasingly important, not only for improving existing hydrological models at different scales (Doerr et al., 2000) but also for estimation of ground cover properties.

The overtone and combination absorption bands of molecular water around 900 nm, 1400 nm and 1900 nm are indicative regions for soil moisture variability (Haubrock et al., 2008; Weidong et al., 2002). Soil moisture influences background reflectance and therefore affects quantification of soil parameters (Haubrock et al., 2008). For instance, Iron oxides, soil organic matter and Phosphorus prediction from VNIR and SWIR have been tested by Bogrekci & Lee (2006), and Galvão & Vitorello (1998), who developed calibration models for estimation of these parameters using specific bands as a function of moisture.

Problems related to estimation of surface soil moisture from spectra, are mainly related to validation of the results. A number of moisture indices have been developed, including Modified Temperature - Vegetation Dryness Index (MTVDI) (Kimura, 2007), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) (Dasgupta et al., 2007), Normalized Soil Moisture Index (NSMI) (Haubrock et al., 2008). The correlation coefficients between the certain bands and the actual moisture content, however, have not been shown to be higher than 0.71 (Haubrock et al., 2008).

MTVDI (Kimura, 2007), for instance, can be calculated from satellite-derived surface temperature, and aerodynamic minimum and maximum surface temperatures estimated from meteorological data. The main purpose of this index was to help identifying wetedge index, by combining the MTDVI with the commonly used NDVI. The authors, however, reported lack of sufficient data for drawing strong conclusions. NDWI takes into account the bands at 860nm and 1240 nm (Dasgupta et al., 2007), however the study acknowledged uncertainties up to 66% associated with the index. The most recent one reported in the literature was introduced by Haubrock et al. (2008) (NSMI). From a systematic study over the whole spectral range from 350-2500 nm, the NSMI based on the reflectance at 1800 nm and 2119 nm has been determined to be suitable quantifier of water content for the surface. The authors claim that NSMI can be seen as a generally applicable parameter, which can be used without any a priori knowledge about the target. The index should be tested for its applicability from remote sensing data, where resolution and atmospheric effect complicate spectral measurements.

In arid regions, surface soil moisture is a dynamic variable at a relatively low level, making optical remote sensing useful for assessment of degradation. In such regions, moisture indices have great potential for rapid and efficient surface soil moisture estimations (Famiglietti et al., 1999; Khawlie et al., 2002; Zribi et al., 2005; Zribi et al., 2003).

Integration of high spectral resolution remote sensing data in studies on soils It was shown here how satellite remote sensing data can be used as an input for soil erosion modeling. The spatial extent of these data has been explored to some degree, however most studies have used only the information in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. There is a clear lack of studies that use spectral information from multi- and hyperspectral imagery. On one hand this could be due to the cost of multi- and hyperspectral images, and on the other hand, due to the advanced analytical techniques needed for image interpretation.

Literature covers the use of spectral data in identifying organic matter, moisture content, soil chemistry and roughness either directly (Baumgardner et al., 1985; Ben-Dor et al., 2003; Shepherd & Walsh, 2006), or indirectly through analyzing and relating factors (King & Campbell, 1994). The aim of most laboratory based studies is to establish methodologies that can be applied on remotely sensed imagery to extrapolate results in the spatial dimension. The focus is on detecting changes in soil structure, which determine the impact of degradation and regenerative processes of soil, indicating soil erosion (Chappell et al., 2005). Research efforts have been put into successfully linking soil erosion to particular soil types, where studies from the 1960s were first used (Holden, 1968). Laboratory analysis of soil spectra have also been conducted, to estimate chemical constituents and predicting crust formation (Ben-Dor et al., 2003; Udelhoven et al., 2003). Not much has been done in terms of scaling these to image data.

Silt and silt loam soils, rich in salts and poor in organic matter content, are more erodable then these characterized by high clay and organic matter content (Le Bissonnais et al., 2005). Indicative is the formation of soil crust , which decreases infiltration and causes runoff (Eghbal et al., 1996). By establishing chemical soil constituents, characteristic for silt and silt loam soils, through spectra, statistical probability of crust formation can be established and treated as a sign of soil erodibility. The challenge is to determine a method that predicts soil surface chemical properties using remote sensing techniques and to investigate ways of deriving sub-surface soil spectral information. An attempt was recently made by Ben-Dor et al. (2008), introducing an extension to an ASD spectrometer, specifically designed for sub-surface spectral measurements, while others refer to more conventional methods of implementing geophysical measurements using gamma-ray spectrometers (Tyler, 2008).

In order to implement the use of remotely sensed data for quantifying soil chemical properties, a method to separate noise caused by different atmospheric and environmental factors from actual signal, should be established. However, the transition from laboratory scale analysis through filed measurements to satellite imagery presents a challenge. As it has been pointed out by Vrieling (Vrieling, 2006) “due to the complexity of erosion processes, regional differences, and scale dependency, it cannot be expected that a standardized operational erosion assessment system using satellite data will develop in the near future”.

Chemical properties of soils

It has been established that soil physical degradation is a relatively slow process (Morgan, 2005). It begins with structural deterioration culminating into soil loss through erosion after many years (Jones et al., 2003). Visible signs in the field such as rills, gullies or sediment deposits are manifestations of advanced stage of degradation. To detect early warning signs, it is important to study soil properties sensitive to the degradation. Spectral reflectance is a property of soil that integrates many functional processes influencing physical conditions (Ben-Dor et al., 2003; Shepherd & Walsh, 2006). It is sensitive to soil constituents such as Iron Oxide, Carbon content and Calcium Carbonate that influence aggregation (Baumgardner et al., 1985; West et al., 2004) and soil crust formation. Furthermore, large-area sampling for spectral reflectance is more effective compared to conventional sampling methods for laboratory analysis (Janik et al., 1998; Shepherd and Walsh, 2006).

Some efforts have been put into studying soil properties from spectra. As stated by Udelhoven et al. (2003), soil parameters are neither static nor homogenous in space and time. Costs of analytical procedures are often a limiting factor when spatial soil variability in large-scale is addressed. Reflectance spectra have been used extensively to determine variation in the Earth’s surface composition (van der Meer, 2004). Soil properties derived from spectra have been studied long before the 1980s. Soil research has focused on VNIR and SWIR regions of the spectrum (Baumgardner et al., 1985) and the trend has been followed to date, with some relationships established from data in the thermal and microwave regions (Barnes et al., 2003; Yitagesu et al., 2011). The basic physical and chemical soil properties show high correlation with derivative reflectance values within the visible and short-wave infrared wavelengths (Shepherd & Walsh, 2006). Subtle differences in the spectral shape can serve as a valuable base for identifying soil properties mainly due to the fact that the soil spectra forms as a result of the overlap between absorption features of many organic and inorganic compounds (Shepherd & Walsh, 2006). According to Ben-Dor et al. (2003), changes in spectral response occur due to changes in soil albedo and soil mineralogy, where the former is strictly related to the physical soil properties, while the latter is strictly related to the chemical. Soil albedo is strongly influenced by soil color, organic matter, moisture content and iron content (Post et al., 2000).

Literature covers extensively in-situ laboratory procedures for estimating and predicting soil properties. These procedures, however, are rarely applicable to satellite imagery. As identified by Ben-Dor et al. (2002), the main limitations are that only the top few centimeters can be studied and vegetation masks the response from the soil surface.

There have been some efforts to include aerial photographs and satellite images of bare soil in order to estimate Organic Matter and Phosphorus levels. However, as pointed out by Lopez-Granados et al. (2005), these approaches were limited to linear regression with brightness values from the blue, green and near infrared bands. Chabrillat et al. (2002), suggest an improvement to these methods by stating that unlike multispectral imagery, hyperspectral remote sensing with its continuous spectrum for each pixel, enables the spectral identification of minerals, rocks, or soils at image level (Ben-Dor et al., 2002; Chabrillat et al., 2002).

Chemical soil particle tracing

As it was discussed in the previous section, data acquired with field and laboratory spectrometers have been widely applied in studies on soils in order to examine the soil chemical properties. These data and the corresponding analytical techniques, however, have not been yet integrated in studies of soil erosion, most likely because of the limited reference to soil chemical composition. One of the few lines of research that can potentially benefit from these data is the concept of chemical soil particle tracing for monitoring soil movement due to erosion.

The Cesium-137 isotope (137Cs) is the most widely used chemical soil particle tracer. Soil particles move according to their size, under the influence of wind, water or gravity (Morgan, 2005). Using tracers for soil erosion originated in China, shortly after the Chernobyl incident in the late 1980s. The use of 137Cs in soil erosion modeling has been identified as a very effective technique in assessing both spatial patterns and rates of soil redistribution in the landscape (Li et al., 2000). Distribution of 137Cs in soil profiles at undisturbed sites shows an exponential decrease with depth while ploughed soils show uniform mixing of 137Cs in the ploughed layer (Belivermiş, 2012). Although biological and chemical processes can move some amount of 137Cs, the dominant factors affecting its movement within landscapes, are the same physical processes that affect the movement of soil particles to which it is attached (Warren et al., 2005). As suggested by Chappell (1999) 137Cs offers the greatest potential for measuring net soil flux in semi-arid environments where soil flux monitoring is limited due to considerable spatial and temporal variability of the controlling factors. There are a number of assumptions behind the models that use 137Cs distribution. Chappell (1999) explains in more detail the problems related to them. First, it is assumed that there is a spatially uniform distribution of 137Cs within a climatologically uniform area. Secondly, the fixation of 137Cs to the clay size fraction of different minerals is considered immediate and permanent, and the redistribution of soil corresponds to the movement of 137Cs. The reasoning behind this is that Cs is rapidly adsorbed by clay particles in the surface soil and it is essentially none-exchangeable once adsorbed to the clay surfaces. The extent of adsorption and fixation of 137Cs to clay particles depends largely on the clay type. Generally, 137Cs is adsorbed irreversibly by micas and hydrobiotite, while morillonite, kaolinite and vermiculite hold 137Cs much less strongly

A number of models developed for calculation of redistribution rates of soil have been derived from 137Cs measurements and summarized by Li et al. (2000). Although Cs137 isotope has been extensively used to model soil redistribution, little has been reported on the integration of spectral data. Limited number of studies have attempted the use of remote sensing to map Cs137 net soil flux with SPOT imagery, but the results were poor (Chappell, 1998).

The limited use of spectral data in monitoring Cs137 distribution is mainly the fact that the chemical difference between the isotopes of Cs is very small- associated with reaction kinetics. Therefore, all isotopes behave in the exact same way and it is very difficult to determine each of them with any techniques different from laboratory based mass spectrometry. Moreover, the relatively low concentrations of the chemical prevent the formation of a distinct absorption. Anything below 3300 Bq of activity (or 1 nano gram per gram of soil) is already under the detection limit of the main analytical instruments.

Considering that Cs is an alkaline metal, its physical and chemical behavior is similar to those of Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na), extensively studied by spectral analyses. Luleva et al. (Luleva et al., 2011) suggest that K can be used as a potential alternative tracer that could be observed using soil spectral response, allowing rapid spatial mapping. Table 2 outlines the differences and similarities between the two elements, as well as the advantages and limitations of each one in their use as particle tracer. Introducing K is a soil particle tracer can introduce a number of advantages to erosion studies. The element has potential to be measured using spectral measurements which can increase the spatial representation. It has been shown that K concentrations can be quantified measured using spectral means (Luleva et al., 2011), however there is a need to test whether tracing patterns can be established spatially using spectral data.

Table 2. Differences and similarities between Cs137 isotope and K, for soil particle tracing

Cs137KIntroduction to the envi-ronmentIntroduced in the environmentdue to the Chernobyl incidentin the late 1980sNaturally occurring, but alsointroduced to the environmentas an agricultural fertilizer.DistributionThe even distribution of Cs isalways assumed and thereforeit has been a cause of debate,although some studies haveprovided supporting argumentsbased on climatological fac-tors and study area locations(Chappell, 1999).Although K fertilizer should beapplied evenly to all agricul-tural elds in order to maintainoptimal crop production (Jalali,2007), the distribution of theelement should be measuredin order to account for naturalvariation.DisplacementRadioactive Cs is assumed tomove only due to erosion as itbinds strongly to the soil par-ticles.K can be moved due to uptakeby plants or by leaching.Cost of analytical meas-urementHighLowPreviously used as a tracerYesNo*Detection using spectralresponseNoYes* Part of ongoing research

Conclusions

Over the recent years, the problem of soil erosion has received much broader acknowledgement in literature. Time and effort associated with field sampling and analytical techniques due to the large scale of the event, however, still present a major limiting factor. Remote sensing provides some solutions to spatial data acquisition; however the potential of these data is not yet fully explored. General conclusion is that change detection of vegetation cover alongside with change in landuse are soil erosion parameters most widely studied with remote sensing. Landsat TM, ASTER and SPOT HRV are most frequently used, however it can be argued that the availability and price of the science determine their use, rather than sensor capabilities. There is a clear gap in the use of remotely sensed data with high spectral resolution. Chemical soil particle tracing of soil movement due to erosion is a line of research that can benefit from the development of a methodology that combines the spatial and the high spectral properties of remotely sensed data. The two upcoming international missions- Enmap, scheduled to launch in year 2013 and HyspIRI- expected to launch between year 2013 and 2016, promise to provide satellite hyperspectral data that would allow detailed and repetitive analysis of surface parameters.

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2019 година
Книжка 6
LASER MICRO-PERFORATION AND FIELDS OF APPLICATION

Hristina Deneva, Lyubomir Lazov, Edmunds Teirumnieks

ПРИЛОЖНА ФОТОНИКА И АНТИОКСИДАНТНИ СВОЙСТВА НА ВИСОКООЛЕИНОВО СЛЪНЧОГЛЕДОВО МАСЛО С БИЛКОВИ ПРИМЕСИ

Кръстена Николова, Стефка Минкова, Поли Радушева, Георги Бошев, Еркан Фаридин, Нурал Джамбазов, Мариана Перифанова-Немска

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Берна Сабит, Джемиле Дервиш, Мая Никова, Йорданка Енева

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF OLIVE LEAF EXTRACTS – CAPSULES VERSUS POWDER

Hugo Saint-James, Gergana Bekova, Zhanina Guberkova, Nadya Hristova-Avakumova, Liliya Atanasova, Svobodan Alexandrov, Trayko Traykov, Vera Hadjimitova

2019 − THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE PERIODIC TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

Maria Atanassova, Radoslav Angelov, Dessislava Gerginova, Alexander Zahariev

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ

Б. В. Тошев

CHEMISTRY: BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION ANNUAL CONTENTS / VOLUME 28, 2019 ХИМИЯ. ПРИРОДНИТЕ НАУКИ В ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО ГОДИШНО СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ / ГОДИНА XXVIII, 2019

СТРАНИЦИ / PAGES КНИЖКА 1 / NUMBER 1: 1 – 160 КНИЖКА 2 / NUMBER 2: 161 – 280 КНИЖКА 3 / NUMBER 3: 281 – 424 КНИЖКА 4 / NUMBER 4: 425 – 552 КНИЖКА 5 / NUMBER 5: 553 – 680 КНИЖКА 6 / NUMBER 6: 681 – 832

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ЗЕЛЕНА ХИМИЯ В УЧИЛИЩНАТА ЛАБОРАТОРИЯ

Александрия Генджова, Мая Тавлинова-Кирилова, Александра Камушева

ON THE GENETIC TIES BETWEEN EUROPEAN NATIONS

Jordan Tabov, Nevena Sabeva-Koleva, Georgi Gachev

SCIENCE CAN BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER

Nadya Kantareva-Baruh

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CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL LIFE IN VARNA

Radka Tomova, Petinka Galcheva, Ivajlo Trajkov, Antoaneta Hineva, Stela Grigorova, Rumyana Slavova, Miglena Slavova

ЦИКЛИТЕ НА КРЕБС

Ивелин Кулев

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ПРИНЦИПИТЕ НА КАРИЕРНОТО РАЗВИТИЕ НА МЛАДИЯ УЧЕН

И. Панчева, М. Недялкова, С. Кирилова, П. Петков, В. Симеонов

UTILISATION OF THE STATIC EVANS METHOD TO MEASURE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF TRANSITION METAL ACETYLACETONATE COMPLEXES AS PART OF AN UNDERGRADUATE INORGANIC LABORATORY CLASS

Anton Dobzhenetskiy, Callum A. Gater, Alexander T. M. Wilcock, Stuart K. Langley, Rachel M. Brignall, David C. Williamson, Ryan E. Mewis

THE 100

Maria Atanassova, Radoslav Angelov

A TALE OF SEVEN SCIENTISTS

Scerri, E.R. (2016). A Tale of Seven Scientists and a New Philosophy of Science.

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A. Thysiadou, S. Christoforidis, P. Giannakoudakis

AMPEROMETRIC NITRIC OXIDE SENSOR BASED ON MWCNT CHROMIUM(III) OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE

Arsim Maloku, Epir Qeriqi, Liridon S. Berisha, Ilir Mazreku, Tahir Arbneshi, Kurt Kalcher

THE EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON Mg/Al HYDROTALCITES STRUCTURES

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2019: ДВЕ ВАЖНИ СЪБИТИЯ

На 20 декември 2017 г. Общото събрание на Организацията на обединени- те нации (ООН), на своята 72-ра сесия, прокламира годината 2019 за „Между- народна година на Периодичната таблица на химичните елементи“ (IYPT 2019). Съгласно представите на Томас Кун раз- витието на „нормалната наука“ става на основата на малък брой основополагащи научни резултати, наречени „научни пара- дигми“. За химията научните парадигми са три: (1) откриването на кислорода от Лавоазие; (

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Elena Karashtranova, Nikolay Karashtranov, Vladimir Vladimirov

SOME CONCEPTS FROM PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS AND OPPORTUNITIES TO INTEGRATE THEM IN TEACHING NATURAL SCIENCES

Elena Karashtranova, Nikolay Karashtranov, Nadezhda Borisova, Dafina Kostadinova

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Донка Ташева, Пенка Василева

2018 година
Книжка 6

ЗДРАВЕ И ОКОЛНА СРЕДА

Кадрие Шукри, Светлана Великова, Едис Мехмед

СЕМИНАР-ПРАКТИКУМЪТ В НЕФОРМАЛНОТО ОБУЧЕНИЕ – ВЪЗМОЖНОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ НА УМЕНИЯ И ТВОРЧЕСТВО ПРЕЗ ПРИЗМАТА НА ФИЗИКАТА

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РОБОТИКА ЗА НАЧИНАЕЩИ ЕНТУСИАСТИ

Даниела Узунова, Борис Велковски, Илко Симеонов Владислав Шабански, Димитър Колев

DESIGN AND DOCKING STUDIES OF HIS-LEU ANALOGUES AS POTENTIOAL ACE INHIBITORS

Rumen Georgiev, Tatyana Dzimbova, Atanas Chapkanov

X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF M Zn(TeО )

Kenzhebek T. Rustembekov, Mitko Stoev, Aitolkyn A. Toibek

ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE STUDY OF BSCCO (2212) CUPRATE CERAMIC ADDITIVE TO THE ZINC ELECTRODE IN Ni-Zn BATTERIES

A. Vasev, P. Lilov, G. Ivanova, Y. Marinov, A. Stoyanova, V. Mikli, A. Stoyanova-Ivanova

CALIBRATION OF GC/MS METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PHTHALATES

N. Dineva, I. Givechev, D. Tanev, D. Danalev

SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF 4-AMINOANTIPYRINE SCHIFF BASES A ND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTI-TYROSINASE AND DPPH SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES

Maya Chochkova, Boyka Stoykova, Iva Romanova, Petranka Petrova, Iva Tsvetkova, Hristo Najdenski, Lubomira Nikolaeva- Glomb, Nadya Nikolova, Galya Ivanova, Atanas Chapkanov, Tsenka Milkova, Martin Štícha, Ivan Nemec

ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF CADMIUM SELENIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH SIMULTANEOUS EXTRACTION INTO P-XYLENE

S. S. Fomanyuk, V. O. Smilyk, G. Y. Kolbasov, I. A. Rusetskyi, T. A. Mirnaya

БИОЛОГИЧЕН АСПЕКТ НА РЕКАНАЛИЗАЦИЯ С ВЕНОЗНА ТРОМБОЛИЗА

Мариела Филипова, Даниела Попова, Стоян Везенков

CHEMISTRY: BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION ПРИРОДНИТЕ НАУКИ В ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО VOLUME 27 / ГОДИНА XXVII, 2018 ГОДИШНО СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ СТРАНИЦИ / PAGES КНИЖКА 1 / NUMBER 1: 1 – 152 КНИЖКА 2 / NUMBER 2: 153 – 312 КНИЖКА 3 / NUMBER 3: 313 – 472 КНИЖКА 4 / NUMBER 4: 473 – 632 КНИЖКА 5 / NUMBER 5: 633 – 792 КНИЖКА 6 / NUMBER 6: 793 – 952 КНИЖКА 1 / NUMBER 1: 1 – 152 КНИЖКА 2 / NUMBER 2: 153 – 312 КНИЖКА

(South Africa), A. Ali, M. Bashir (Pakistan) 266 – 278: j-j Coupled Atomic Terms for Nonequivalent Electrons of (n-1)fx and nd1 Configurations and Correlation with L-S Terms / P. L. Meena (India) 760 – 770: Methyl, тhe Smallest Alkyl Group with Stunning Effects / S. Moulay 771 – 776: The Fourth State of Matter / R. Tsekov

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ИМОБИЛИЗИРАНЕ НА ФРУКТОЗИЛТРАНСФЕРАЗА ВЪРХУ КОМПОЗИТНИ ФИЛМИ ОТ ПОЛИМЛЕЧНА КИСЕЛИНА, КСАНТАН И ХИТОЗАН

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ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF GRAPHENE-E7 LIQUID-CRYSTAL NANOCOMPOSITE

Todor Vlakhov, Yordan Marinov, Georgi. Hadjichristov, Alexander Petrov

ON THE POSSIBILITY TO ANALYZE AMBIENT NOISE RECORDED BY A MOBILE DEVICE THROUGH THE H/V SPECTRAL RATIO TECHNIQUE

Dragomir Gospodinov, Delko Zlatanski, Boyko Ranguelov, Alexander Kandilarov

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BATTER FOR GLUTEN FREE BREAD

G. Zsivanovits, D. Iserliyska, M. Momchilova, M. Marudova

ПОЛУЧАВАНЕ НА ПОЛИЕЛЕКТРОЛИТНИ КОМПЛЕКСИ ОТ ХИТОЗАН И КАЗЕИН

Антоанета Маринова, Теменужка Йовчева, Ася Виранева, Иван Бодуров, Мария Марудова

CHEMILUMINESCENT AND PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COCOON EXTRACTS

Y. Evtimova, V. Mihailova, L. A. Atanasova, N. G. Hristova-Avakumova, M. V. Panayotov, V. A. Hadjimitova

ИЗСЛЕДОВАТЕЛСКИ ПРАКТИКУМ

Ивелина Димитрова, Гошо Гоев, Савина Георгиева, Цвета Цанова, Любомира Иванова, Борислав Георгиев

H O O H H H C H 104.45° 108.9° H A B

Figure 1. A – Water; B – Methanol Indeed, the literature survey reveals a trove of reports on methylation of such molecules and the effects of thus-tethered methyl groups were illustrated (Barreiro et al., 2011). An astounding fact is the link between the methyl group in methylated DNA and the cancer development (Newberne & Rogers, 1986; Wajed et al., 2001); methylation of biological molecules contributes to the regulation of gene expression and protein function, and RNA proces

Книжка 4
PARAMETRIC INTERACTION OF OPTICAL PULSES IN NONLINEAR ISOTROPIC MEDIUM

A. Dakova, V. Slavchev, D. Dakova, L. Kovachev

ДЕЙСТВИЕ НА ГАМА-ЛЪЧИТЕ ВЪРХУ ДЕЗОКСИРИБОНУКЛЕИНОВАТА КИСЕЛИНА

Мирела Вачева, Хари Стефанов, Йоана Гвоздейкова, Йорданка Енева

RADIATION PROTECTION

Natasha Ivanova, Bistra Manusheva

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Сияна Димова, Цветелина Стефанова, Йорданка Енева, Нина Архангелова

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И. Милкова-Томова, Д. Бухалова, К. Николова, Й. Алексиева, И. Минчев, Г. Рунтолев

THE EFFECT OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL ON THE HUMAN BODY AND QUALITY CONTROL BY USING OPTICAL METHODS

Carsten Tottmann, Valentin Hedderich, Poli Radusheva, Krastena Nikolova

ИНФРАЧЕРВЕНА ТЕРМОГРАФИЯ ЗА ДИАГНОСТИКА НА ФОКАЛНА ИНФЕКЦИЯ

Рая Грозданова-Узунова, Тодор Узунов, Пепа Узунова

ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИ СВОЙСТВА НА КОМПОЗИТНИ ФИЛМИ ОТ ПОЛИМЛЕЧНА КИСЕЛИНА

Ася Виранева, Иван Бодуров, Теменужка Йовчева

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PHYSICS IS AN EVER YOUNG SCIENCE

Temenuzhka Yovcheva

ТРИ ИДЕИ ЗА ЕФЕКТИВНО ОБУЧЕНИЕ

Гергана Карафезиева

МАГИЯТА НА ТВОРЧЕСТВОТО КАТО ПЪТ НА ЕСТЕСТВЕНО УЧЕНЕ В УЧЕБНИЯ ПРОЦЕС

Гергана Добрева, Жаклин Жекова, Михаела Чонос

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Виолета Стоянова, Павлина Георгиева

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Росица Кичукова, Ценка Маринова

ТЪМНАТА МАТЕРИЯ В КЛАСНАТА СТАЯ

Симона Стоянова, Анета Маринова

ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО ФИЗИКА ВЪВ ВВМУ „Н. Й. ВАПЦАРОВ“

А. Христова, Г. Вангелов, И. Ташев, М. Димидов

ИЗГРАЖДАНЕ НА СИСТЕМА ОТ УЧЕБНИ ИНТЕРНЕТ РЕСУРСИ ПО ФИЗИКА И ОЦЕНКА НА ДИДАКТИЧЕСКАТА ИМ СТОЙНОСТ

Желязка Райкова, Георги Вулджев, Наталия Монева, Нели Комсалова, Айше Наби

ИНОВАЦИИ В БОРБАТА С ТУМОРНИ ОБРАЗУВАНИЯ – ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЧРЕЗ БРАХИТЕРАПИЯ

Георги Върбанов, Радостин Михайлов, Деница Симеонова, Йорданка Енева

NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN DRINKING WATER

Natasha Ivanova, Bistra Manusheva

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АДАПТИРАНЕ НА ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО ДНЕС ЗА УТРЕШНИЯ ДЕН

И. Панчева, М. Недялкова, П. Петков, Х. Александров, В. Симеонов

STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF UNKNOWNS: A SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION WITH AN EMPHASIS ON 1D AND 2D

Vittorio Caprio, Andrew S. McLachlan, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, David C. Williamson, Ryan E. Mewis

INTEGRATED ENGINEERING EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ NEEDS

Veselina Kolarski, Dancho Danalev, Senia Terzieva

Книжка 1
ZAGREB CONNECTION INDICES OF TiO NANOTUBES

Sohaib Khalid, Johan Kok, Akbar Ali, Mohsin Bashir

2017 година
Книжка 6
GEOECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES: ON THE EXAMPLE OF AKTOBE AGGLOMERATION

Zharas Berdenov, Erbolat Mendibaev, Talgat Salihov, Kazhmurat Akhmedenov, Gulshat Ataeva

TECHNOGENESIS OF GEOECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF NORTHEN KAZAKHSTAN: PROGRESS, DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION

Kulchichan Dzhanaleyeva, Gulnur Mazhitova, Altyn Zhanguzhina, Zharas Berdenov, Tursynkul Bazarbayeva, Emin Atasoy

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Списание „Просвета“ е орган на Просветния съюз в България. Списанието е излизало всеки месец без юли и август. Годишният том съдържа 1280 стра- ници. Списанието се издава от комитет, а главен редактор от 1935 до 1943 г. е проф. Петър Мутафчиев, историк византолог и специалист по средновеков-

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47-А НАЦИОНАЛНА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ НА УЧИТЕЛИТЕ ПО ХИМИЯ

В последните години тези традиционни за българското учителство конфе- ренции се организират от Българското дружество по химическо образование и история и философия на химията. То е асоцииран член на Съюза на химици- те в България, който пък е член на Европейската асоциация на химическите и

JOURNALS OF INTEREST: A REVIEW (2016)

BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION POLICY ISSN 1313-1958 (print) ISSN 1313-9118 (online) http://bjsep.org

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Marina Stojanovska, Vladimir M. Petruševski

SYNTHESIS OF TiO -M (Cd, Co, Mn)

Candra Purnawan, Sayekti Wahyuningsih, Dwita Nur Aisyah

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN ‘ISA BROWN’ HYBRID CHICKEN

Imer Haziri, Adem Rama, Fatgzim Latifi, Dorjana Beqiraj-Kalamishi, Ibrahim Mehmeti, Arben Haziri

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF PRIMULA VERIS (L.) GROWING WILD IN KOSOVO

Ibrahim Rudhani, Florentina Raci, Hamide Ibrahimi, Arben Mehmeti, Ariana Kameri, Fatmir Faiku, Majlinda Daci, Sevdije Govori, Arben Haziri

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Книжка 4
„СИМВОЛНИЯТ КАПИТАЛ“ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО УЧИЛИЩЕ

Николай Цанков, Веска Гювийска

KINETICS OF PHOTO-ELECTRO-ASSISTED DEGRADATION OF REMAZOL RED 5B

Fitria Rahmawati, Tri Martini, Nina Iswati

ALLELOPATHIC AND IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF STEVIA AND CHIA

Asya Dragoeva, Vanya Koleva, Zheni Stoyanova, Eli Zayova, Selime Ali

NOVEL HETEROARYLAMINO-CHROMEN-2-ONES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Ramiz Hoti, Naser Troni*, Hamit Ismaili, Gjyle Mulliqi-Osmani, Veprim Thaçi

ОСНОВИ НА ОБЩАТА МЕТОДИКА ПО ЕСТЕСТВОЗНАНИЕ – 1925 Г.

Проф. Валериан Викторович Половцов (1862 – 1918)

Книжка 3
НАЦИОНАЛЕН КОНКУРС НА ФОНДАЦИЯ „ВИГОРИЯ“ – „С ЛЮБОВ КЪМ НАУКАТА“

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Behnaz Azmoon, Abolfazl Semnani, Ramin Jaberzadeh Ansari, Hamid Shakoori Langeroodi, Mahboube Shirani, Shima Ghanavati Nasab

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Farheen Sami, Shahnaz Majeed, Tengku Azlan Shah Tengku Mohammed, Noor Fatin Amalina Kamaruddin, Mohammad Zulhimi Atan, Syed Amir Javid Bukhari, Namra, Bushra Hasan, Mohammed Tahir Ansari

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Arben Haziri, Fatmir Faiku, Roze Berisha, Ibrahim Mehmeti, Sevdije Govori, Imer Haziri

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Не много отдавна доц. д.п.н. Александър Панайотов бе удостоен с най- високата академична награда – Почетен знак със синя лента на Софийския

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ПРИРОДОНАУЧНАТА ГРАМОТНОСТ НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ В НАЧАЛОТО НА XXI ВЕК – В ТЪРСЕНЕ НА КОНЦЕПТУАЛНО ЕДИНСТВО

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COMPUTER SIMULATORS: APPLICATION FOR GRADUATES’ ADAPTATION AT OIL AND GAS REFINERIES

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ASSESSING LEVELS OF CO , CO, NO AND SO

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2016 година
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THE EFFECT OF KOH AND KCL ADDITION TO THE DESTILATION OF ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURE

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ОЦЕНЯВАНЕ ЛИЧНОСТТА НА УЧЕНИКА

Министерството на народното просвещение е направило допълне- ния към Правилника за гимназиите (ДВ, бр. 242 от 30 октомври 1941 г.), според които в бъдеще ще се оценяват следните прояви на учениците: (1) трудолюбие; (2) ред, точност и изпълнителност; (3) благовъзпитаност; (4) народностни прояви. Трудолюбието ще се оценява с бележките „образцово“, „добро“, „незадо- волително“. С „образцово“ ще се оценяват учениците, които с любов и по- стоянство извършват всяка възложена им ил

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ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ НА ПРОФЕСИОНАЛНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАТА РЕФЛЕКСИЯ НА УЧИТЕЛЯ ПО БИОЛОГИЯ (ЧАСТ ВТОРА)

Надежда Райчева, Иса Хаджиали, Наташа Цанова, Виктория Нечева

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На 8 март 2016 г. в голямата зала на Националния политехнически музей в София фондация „Вигория“ връчи годишните си награди – почетен плакет „Златна детелина“. Тази награда се дава за цялостна професионална и творче- ска изява на личности с особени заслуги към обществото в трите направления на фондация „Вигория“ – образование, екология, култура. Наградата цели да се даде израз на признателност за високи постижения на личности, които на професионално равнище и на доброволни начала са рабо

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ПО ПЪТЯ

Б. В. Тошев

INTERDISCIPLINARY PROJECT FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN CHEMISTRY

Stela Georgieva, Petar Todorov , Zlatina Genova, Petia Peneva

2015 година
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COMPLEX SYSTEMS FOR DRUG TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES

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SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SILICA SOL-GEL MICROPARTICLES WITH EUROPIUM COMPLEXES

Nina Danchova , Gulay Ahmed , Michael Bredol , Stoyan Gutzov

INTERFACIAL REORGANIZATION OF MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES USED AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

I. Panaiotov, Tz. Ivanova, K. Balashev, N. Grozev, I. Minkov, K. Mircheva

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Daniela Dimitrova-Radojchikj, Natasha Chichevska-Jovanova

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Zahra Eskandari, Nabi.A Ebrahimi Young Researchers & Elite Club, Arsanjan Branch,

APPLICATION OF LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY AS NONDESDUCTRIVE AND SAFE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR COMPOSITE SOLID PROPELLANTS

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Azadeh Ghasemizadeh, Abolfazl Semnani, Hamid Shakoori Langeroodi, Alireza Nezamzade Ejhieh

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БЛАГОДАРЯ ВИ!

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Радка Томова, Елена Бояджиева, Миглена Славова , Мариан Николов

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V. Kolarski, D. Marinkova, R. Raykova, D. Danalev, S. Terzieva

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SYNTHESIS OF FLUORINATED HYDROXYCINNAMOYL DERIVATIVES OF ANTI-INFLUENZA DRUGS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Boyka Stoykova, Maya Chochkova, Galya Ivanova, Luchia Mukova, Nadya Nikolova, Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb, Pavel Vojtíšek, Tsenka Milkova, Martin Štícha, David Havlíček

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Radoslav Chayrov, Vesela Veselinova, Vasilka Markova, Luchia Mukova, Angel Galabov, Ivanka Stankova

NEW DERIVATIVES OF OSELTAMIVIR WITH BILE ACIDS

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MODIFIED QUECHERS METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF METHOMYL, ALDICARB, CARBOFURAN AND PROPOXUR IN LIVER

I. Stoykova, T. Yankovska-Stefenova, L.Yotova, D. Danalev Bulgarian Food Safety Agency, Sofi a, Bulgaria

LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM AC 11S AS A BIOCATALYST IN MICROBIAL ELECYTOLYSIS CELL

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TEACHING CHEMISTRY AT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Lilyana Nacheva-Skopalik, Milena Koleva

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Ивелина Коцева, Мая Гайдарова, Галина Ненчева

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Javid Safarov, Bahruz Ahmadov, Saleh Mirzayev, Astan Shahverdiyev, Egon Hassel

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РУМЕН ЛЮБОМИРОВ ДОЙЧЕВ (1938 – 1999)

Огнян Димитров, Здравка Костова

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Maria Atanassova

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ИНЖ. НАЙДЕН ХРИСТОВ НАЙДЕНОВ, СЕКРЕТАР, НА СЪЮЗА НА ХИМИЦИТЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ (2.10.1929 – 25.10.2014)

2014 година
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145 ГОДИНИ БЪЛГАРСКА АКАДЕМИЯ НА НАУКИТЕ

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ПАРНО НАЛЯГАНЕ НА РАЗТВОРИ

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THE ORIGINS OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY GENERAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA: HISTORICAL VIEWS FROM THE 21ST CENTURY

V. Romanenko, G. Nikitina Academy of Information Technologies in Education, Russia

ALLELOPATHIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ORIGANUM VULGARE SSP. VULGARE GROWING WILD IN BULGARIA

Asya Pencheva Dragoeva, Vanya Petrova Koleva, Zheni Dimitrova Nanova, Mariya Zhivkova Kaschieva, Irina Rumenova Yotova

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GENDER ISSUES OF UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION

Н.H.Petruchenia, M.I.Vorovka

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MUSSEL BIOADHESIVES: A TOP LESSON FROM NATURE

Saâd Moulay Université Saâd Dahlab de Blida, Algeria

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ЕЛЕКТРОННО ПОМАГАЛO „ОТ АТОМА ДО КОСМОСА“ ЗА УЧЕНИЦИ ОТ Х КЛАС

Силвия Боянова Професионална гимназия „Акад. Сергей П. Корольов“ – Дупница

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Надежда Райчева, Иван Капурдов, Наташа Цанова, Иса Хаджиали, Снежана Томова

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Донка Ташева, Пенка Василева

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Наташа Цанова, Иса Хаджиали, Надежда Райчева

COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING SYSTEM FOR STUDYING ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

N. Y. Stozhko, A. V. Tchernysheva, L.I. Mironova

GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

Manuscripts submitted to this journal are considered if they have been submitted only to it, they have not been published already, nor are they under consideration for publication or in press elsewhere. Contributions to the Bulgarian Journal of Science Education must report original research and will be subjected to review by anonymous and independent referees at the discretion of the Editor(s). Manuscripts for consideration should be sent electronically to toshev@chem.uni-sofia.bg Electroni

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KNOWLEDGE OF AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS WATER IN 5

Antoaneta Angelacheva, Kalina Kamarska

ВИСША МАТЕМАТИКА ЗА УЧИТЕЛИ, УЧЕНИЦИ И СТУДЕНТИ: ДИФЕРЕНЦИАЛНО СМЯТАНЕ

Б. В. Тошев Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

ВАСИЛ ХРИСТОВ БОЗАРОВ

Пенка Бозарова, Здравка Костова

БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ НА СТАТИИ ЗА МИСКОНЦЕПЦИИТЕ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО ПРИРОДНИ НАУКИ ВЪВ ВСИЧКИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНИ НИВА

Б. В. Тошев Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

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SCIENTIX – OБЩНОСТ ЗА НАУЧНО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ЕВРОПА

Свежина Димитрова Народна астрономическа обсерватория и планетариум „Николай Коперник“ – Варна

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Zdravka Kostova, Margarita Topashka-Ancheva

CHRONOLOGY OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS DISCOVERIES

Maria Atanassova, Radoslav Angelov

GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

Manuscripts submitted to this journal are considered if they have been submitted only to it, they have not been published already, nor are they under consideration for publication or in press elsewhere. Contributions to the Bulgarian Journal of Science Education must report original research and will be subjected to review by anonymous and independent referees at the discretion of the Editor(s). Manuscripts for consideration should be sent electronically to toshev@chem. uni-sofia.bg Elec

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ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ЗА ПРИРОДОНАУЧНА ГРАМОТНОСТ

Адриана Тафрова-Григорова

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2013 година
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DIFFERENTIAL TEACHING IN SCHOOL SCIENCE EDUCATION: CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES

G. Yuzbasheva Kherson Academy of Continuing Education, Ukraine

АНАЛИЗ НА ПОСТИЖЕНИЯТА НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ ОТ ШЕСТИ КЛАС ВЪРХУ РАЗДЕЛ „ВЕЩЕСТВА И ТЕХНИТЕ СВОЙСТВА“ ПО „ЧОВЕКЪТ И ПРИРОДАТА“

Иваничка Буровска, Стефан Цаковски Регионален инспекторат по образованието – Ловеч

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Chemistry: Bulgarian Journal of Science Education

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„Образователни стандарти и природонаучна грамотност“ – това е темата на състоялата се от 25 до 27 октомври 2013 г. в Габрово 45. Национална конфе- ренция на учителите по химия с международно участие, която по традиция се проведе комбинирано с Годишната конференция на Българското дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията. Изборът на темата е предизвикан от факта, че развиването на природонаучна грамотност е обща тенденция на реформите на учебните програми и главна

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ЗА ХИМИЯТА НА БИРАТА

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Б. В. Тошев Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

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RECASTING THE DERIVATION OF THE CLAPEYRON EQUATION INTO A CONCEPTUALLY SIMPLER FORM

Srihari Murthy Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College, India

CHEMICAL REACTIONS DO NOT ALWAYS MODERATE CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF AN ACTIVE COMPONENT

Joan J. Solaz-Portolés, Vicent Sanjosé Universitat de Valènciа, Spain

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Bipin B. Mahapatra, S. N. Dehury, A. K. Sarangi, S. N. Chaulia G. M. Autonomous College, India Covt. College of Engineering Kalahandi, India DAV Junior College, India

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CELEBRATING 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR ELENA KIRKOVA

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SIMULATION OF THE FATTY ACID SYNTHASE COMPLEX MECHANISM OF ACTION

M.E.A. Mohammed, Ali Abeer, Fatima Elsamani, O.M. Elsheikh, Abdulrizak Hodow, O. Khamis Haji

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G. Yuzbasheva Kherson Academy of Continuing Education, Ukraine

ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ НА РАДИКАЛ-УЛАВЯЩА СПОСОБНОСТ

Станислав Станимиров, Живко Велков

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COLORFUL EXPERIMENTS FOR STUDENTS: SYNTHESIS OF INDIGO AND DERIVATIVES

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ЦАРСКАТА ПЕЩЕРА

Рафаил ПОПОВ

УЧИЛИЩНИ ЛАБОРАТОРИИ И ОБОРУДВАНЕ SCHOOL LABORATORIES AND EQUIPMENT

Учебни лаборатории Илюстрации от каталог на Franz Hugershoff, Лайциг, притежаван от бъдещия

2012 година
Книжка 6
ADDRESING STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS CONCERNING CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATIONS

Marina I. Stojanovska, Vladimir M. Petruševski, Bojan T. Šoptrajanov

АНАЛИЗ НА ПОСТИЖЕНИЯТА НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ ОТ ПЕТИ КЛАС ВЪРХУ РАЗДЕЛ „ВЕЩЕСТВА И ТЕХНИТЕ СВОЙСТВА“ ПО ЧОВЕКЪТ И ПРИРОДАТА

Иваничка Буровска, Стефан Цаковски Регионален инспекторат по образованието – Ловеч

ЕКОТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ

Васил Симеонов

ПРОФ. МЕДОДИЙ ПОПОВ ЗА НАУКАТА И НАУЧНАТА ДЕЙНОСТ (1920 Г.)

Проф. Методий Попов (1881-1954) Госпожици и Господа студенти,

Книжка 5
КОНЦЕПТУАЛНА СХЕМА НА УЧИЛИЩНИЯ КУРС П О ХИМИЯ – МАКР О СКОПСКИ ПОДХОД

Б. В. Тошев Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

ROLE OF ULTRASONIC WAVES TO STUDY MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM

Sunanda S. Aswale, Shashikant R. Aswale, Aparna B. Dhote Lokmanya Tilak Mahavidyalaya, INDIA Nilkanthrao Shinde College, INDIA

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF IBUPROFEN AND RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING UV SPECTROPHOT O METRIC METHOD

Jadupati Malakar, Amit Kumar Nayak Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, INDIA

GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR SOIL EROSION ASSESSMENT

Mila Ivanova Luleva, Harald van der Werff, Freek van der Meer, Victor Jetten

РАДИОХИМИЯ И АРХЕОМЕТРИЯ: ПРО Ф. ДХН ИВЕЛИН КУЛЕВ RADIOCHEMISTRY AND ARCHEOMETRY: PROF. IVELIN KULEFF, DSc

Б. В. Тошев Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

Книжка 4
TEACHING THE CONSTITUTION OF MATTER

Małgorzata Nodzyńska, Jan Rajmund Paśko

СЪСИРВАЩА СИСТЕМА НА КРЪВТА

Маша Радославова, Ася Драгоева

CATALITIC VOLCANO

Emil Lozanov

43-ТА МЕЖДУНАРОДНА ОЛИМПИАДА ПО ХИМИЯ

Донка ТАШЕВА, Пенка ЦАНОВА

ЮБИЛЕЙ: ПРОФ. ДХН БОРИС ГЪЛЪБОВ JUBILEE: PROF. DR. BORIS GALABOV

Б. В. Тошев Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

ПЪРВИЯТ ПРАВИЛНИК ЗА УЧЕБНИЦИТЕ (1897 Г.)

Чл. 1. Съставянето и издаване на учебници се предоставя на частната инициа- тива. Забележка: На учителите – съставители на учебници се запрещава сами да разпродават своите учебници. Чл. 2. Министерството на народното просвещение може да определя премии по конкурс за съставяне на учебници за горните класове на гимназиите и специ- алните училища. Чл. 3. Никой учебник не може да бъде въведен в училищата, ако предварително не е прегледан и одобрен от Министерството на народното просвещение. Чл.

JOHN DEWEY: HOW WE THINK (1910)

John Dewey (1859 – 1952)

ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ЗА СПЕЦИАЛНОСТИТЕ В ОБЛАСТТА НА ПРИРОДНИТЕ НАУКИ В СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ

1. Биология Студентите от специалност Биология придобиват знания и практически умения в областта на биологическите науки, като акцентът е поставен на организмово равнище. Те се подготвят да изследват биологията на организмите на клетъчно- организмово, популационно и екосистемно ниво в научно-функционален и прило- жен аспект, с оглед на провеждане на научно-изследователска, научно-приложна, производствена и педагогическа дейност. Чрез широк набор избираеми и факул- тативни курсове студентите

Книжка 3
УЧИТЕЛИТЕ ПО ПРИРОДНИ НАУКИ – ЗА КОНСТРУКТИВИСТКАТА УЧЕБНА СРЕДА В БЪЛГАРСКОТО УЧИЛИЩЕ

Адриана Тафрова-Григорова, Милена Кирова, Елена Бояджиева

ПОВИШАВАНЕ ИНТЕРЕСА КЪМ ИСТОРИЯТА НА ХИМИЧНИТЕ ЗНАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКИ ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ

Людмила Генкова, Свобода Бенева Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

НАЧАЛО НА ПРЕПОДАВАНЕТО НА УЧЕБЕН ПРЕДМЕТ ХИМИЯ В АПРИЛОВОТО УЧИЛИЩЕ В ГАБРОВО

Мария Николова Национална Априловска гимназия – Габрово

ПРИРОДОНАУЧНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ – ФОТОАРХИВ

В един дълъг период от време гимназиалните учители по математика, физика, химия и естествена

Книжка 2
„МАГИЯТА НА ХИМИЯТА“ – ВЕЧЕР НА ХИМИЯТА В ЕЗИКОВА ГИМНАЗИЯ „АКАД. Л. СТОЯНОВ“ БЛАГОЕВГРАД

Стефка Михайлова Езикова гимназия „Акад. Людмил Стоянов“ – Благоевград

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАТА ГОДИНА НА ХИМИЯТА 2011 В ПОЩЕНСКИ МАРКИ

Б. В. Тошев Българско дружество за химическо образование и история и философия на химията

ЗА ПРИРОДНИТЕ НАУКИ И ЗА ПРАКТИКУМА ПО ФИЗИКА (Иванов, 1926)

Бурният развой на естествознанието във всичките му клонове през XIX –ия век предизвика дълбоки промени в мирогледа на културния свят, в техниката и в индустрията, в социалните отношения и в държавните интереси. Можем ли днес да си представим един философ, един държавен мъж, един обществен деец, един индустриалец, просто един културен човек, който би могъл да игнорира придобив- ките на природните науки през последния век. Какви ужасни катастрофи, какви социални сътресения би сполетяло съвре

Книжка 1
MURPHY’S LAW IN CHEMISTRY

Milan D. Stojković

42

Донка Ташева, Пенка Цанова

СЕМЕЙНИ УЧЕНИЧЕСКИ ВЕЧЕРИНКИ

Семейството трябва да познава училишето и училишето трябва да познава семейството. Взаимното познанство се налага от обстоятелството, че те, макар и да са два различни по природата си фактори на възпитанието, преследват една и съща проста цел – младото поколение да бъде по-умно, по-нравствено, физически по-здраво и по-щастливо от старото – децата да бъдат по-щастливи от родителите

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